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References 

Delayed and Optimal Cord Clamping

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Andersson, O., Hellstrom-Westas, L., Andersson, D., & Domellof, M. (2011). Effect of delayed versus early umbilical cord clamping on neonatal outcomes and iron status at 4 months: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ, 343(nov15 1), d7157-d7157. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d7157

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KC, A., Rana, N., Målqvist, M., Jarawka Ranneberg, L., Subedi, K., & Andersson, O. (2017). Effects of Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping vs Early Clamping on Anemia in Infants at 8 and 12 Months. JAMA Pediatrics, 171(3), 264. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.3971

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Backes, C., Huang, H., Iams, J., Bauer, J., & Giannone, P. (2015). Timing of umbilical cord clamping among infants born at 22 through 27 weeks’ gestation. J Perinatol. https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2015.117

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Bhargava, S., Chen, X., Howell, H., & Desai, P. (2019). Optimal Timing and Methodology of Umbilical Cord Clamping in Preterm Infants: a Review. Current Pediatrics Reports, 7(3), 90-98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40124-019-00197-2

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Bollig, C., Nothacker, M., Lehane, C., Motschall, E., Lang, B., Meerpohl, J., & Schmucker, C. (2017). Prophylactic antibiotics before cord clamping in cesarean delivery: a systematic review. Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 97(5), 521-535. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13276

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Borlongan, C., Lawton, C., Acosta, S., Watson, N., Gonzales-Portillo, C., & Diamandis, T. et al. (2015). Enhancing endogenous stem cells in the newborn via delayed umbilical cord clamping. Neural Regeneration Research, 10(9), 1359. https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.165218

Burleigh, A., Tizard, H., & Munro, D. (2015). Optimal Cord Clamping [Ebook] (pp. 23(6): 55). Midwifery Matters. Retrieved 12 April 2018, from https://www.inmo.ie/tempDocs/55.%20MidwiferyMattersCord%20Jul%20Aug%2015.pdf.

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Canterbury District Health Board. (2014). Umbilical Cord Clamping for Term Infants >37 Weeks. Te Poarii Hauora O Waitaha: CDHB.

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Ceriani Cernadas, J., Carroli, G., Pellegrini, L., Otaño, L., Ferreira, M., & Ricci, c. et al. (2006). The Effect of Timing of Cord Clamping on Neonatal Venous Hematocrit Values and Clinical Outcome at Term: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. PEDIATRICS, 117(4), e779-e786. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-1156

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Chaparro, C., Neufeld, L., Alavez, G., Cedillo, R., & Dewey, K. (2006). Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping on iron status in Mexican infants: a randomised controlled trial. Dx.doi.org. Retrieved 21 April 2017, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68889-2.

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Chiruvolu, A., Mallett, L., Govande, V., Raju, V., Hammonds, K., & Katheria, A. (2020). Variations in umbilical cord clamping practices in the United States: a national survey of neonatologists. The Journal Of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2020.1836150

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Chiruvolu, A., Tolia, V., Qin, H., Stone, G., Rich, D., Conant, R., & Inzer, R. (2015). Effect of delayed cord clamping on very preterm infants. American Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynecology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2015.07.016

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Colozzi, A. (1954). Clamping of the Umbilical Cord. New England Journal Of Medicine, 250(15), 629-632. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm195404152501502

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Devin, J., & Larkin, P. (2018). Delayed Cord Clamping in Term Neonates: Attitudes and Practices of Midwives in Irish Hospitals. International Journal Of Childbirth, 8(1), 4-17. https://doi.org/10.1891/2156-5287.8.1.4

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Effect of Timing of Umbilical Cord Clamping on Iron Status in Mexican Infants: A Randomised Controlled Trial. (2006), 26(4), 187-188. https://doi.org/10.1097/00132582-200612000-00026

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Emerson, K. (2015). Delayed Cord Clamping. Delayed Cord Clamping. Retrieved 11 March 2015, from http://cord-clamping.com/.

Enhamed, M., VanRheenen, P., & Brabin, B. (2004). early effects of delayed cord clamping in term babies born to libyan mothers.

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Farrar, D., Airey, R., Law, G., Tuffnell, D., Cattle, B., & Duley, L. (2010). Measuring placental transfusion for term births: weighing babies with cord intact. BJOG: An International Journal Of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 118(1), 70-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02781.x

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Fogarty, M., Osborn, D., Askie, L., Seidler, A., Hunter, K., & Lui, K. et al. (2018). Delayed vs early umbilical cord clamping for preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynecology, 218(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2017.10.231

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Gordon, E. (2003). Polycythemia and Hyperviscosity of the Newborn. The Journal Of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, 17(3), 209-221. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005237-200307000-00006

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Grajeda, R., Pérez-Escamilla, R., & Dewey, K. (1997). Delayed clamping of the umbilical cord improves hematologic status of Guatemalan infants at 2 mo of age. American Journal Of Clinical Nutritian. Retrieved 21 April 2017, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9022526.

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Gupta, R., & Ramji, S. (2002). Effect of delayed cord clamping on iron stores in infants born to anemic mothers: a randomized controlled trial. Indian Pediatrics. Retrieved 21 April 2017, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11867842/.

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Hill, A., & Fontenot, H. (2014). Beliefs and Practices of Obstetric Care Providers Regarding Umbilical Cord Clamping. Nursing For Women's Health, 18(5), 413-419. https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-486x.12149

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Hooper, S., Binder-Heschl, C., Polglase, G., Gill, A., Kluckow, M., & Wallace, E. et al. (2016). The timing of umbilical cord clamping at birth: physiological considerations. Maternal Health, Neonatology And Perinatology, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40748-016-0032-y

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Hooper, S., Polglase, G., & te Pas, A. (2014). A physiological approach to the timing of umbilical cord clamping at birth. Archives Of Disease In Childhood - Fetal And Neonatal Edition, 100(4), F355-F360. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2013-305703

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Hutchon, D. (2012). Immediate or early cord clamping vs delayed clamping. Journal Of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 32(8), 724-729. https://doi.org/10.3109/01443615.2012.721030

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Hutchon, D. (2015). Low Apgar, Need for Resuscitation and Neonatal Jaundice. Journal Of Nursing & Care, 04(04). https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1168.1000277

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Hutchon, D. (2015). Ventilation before Umbilical Cord Clamping Improves Physiological Transition at Birth or “Umbilical Cord Clamping before Ventilation is Established Destabilizes Physiological Transition at Birth”. Frontiers In Pediatrics, 3.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2015.00029

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Hutton, E., & Hassan, E. (2007). Late vs Early Clamping of the Umbilical Cord in Full-term Neonates. JAMA, 297(11), 1241. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.297.11.1241

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Jahazi, A., Kordi, M., Mirbehbahani, N., & Mazloom, S. (2008). The effect of early and late umbilical cord clamping on neonatal hematocrit. J Perinatol, 28(8), 523-525. https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2008.55

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Jaleel, R., Deeba, F., & Kahn, A. (2009). Timing of umbilical cord clamping and neonatal haematological status. Pak Med Association, 59, 468-470.

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Jelin, A., Kuppermann, M., Erickson, K., Clyman, R., & Schulkin, J. (2013). Obstetricians’ attitudes and beliefs regarding umbilical cord clamping. http://www.tandfonline.com. Retrieved 3 April 2017, from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/14767058.2013.864275.

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Knol, R., Brouwer, E., Vernooij, A., Klumper, F., DeKoninck, P., Hooper, S., & te Pas, A. (2018). Clinical aspects of incorporating cord clamping into stabilisation of preterm infants. Archives Of Disease In Childhood - Fetal And Neonatal Edition, 103(5), F493-F497. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-314947

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Leslie, M., Greene, J., Schulkin, J., & Jelin, A. (2018). Umbilical cord clamping practices of U.S. obstetricians. Journal Of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, 11(1), 51-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/npm-181729

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Li, H., Trasande, L., Zhu, L., Ye, R., Zhou, Y., & Liu, J. (2014). Association of cesarean delivery with anemia in infants and children in 2 large longitudinal Chinese birth cohorts. American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition, 101(3), 523-529. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.092585

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Lozoff, B., & Georgieff, M. (2006). Iron Deficiency and Brain Development. Seminars In Pediatric Neurology, 13(3), 158-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spen.2006.08.004

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Lozoff, B., Beard, J., Connor, J., Felt, B., Georgieff, M., & Schallert, T. (2006). Long-Lasting Neural and Behavioral Effects of Iron Deficiency in Infancy. Nut. Rev., 64(5), 34-43. https://doi.org/10.1301/nr.2006.may.s34-s43

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Management of Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn Infant 35 or More Weeks of Gestation. (2004), 114(1), 297-316. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.114.1.297

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Marzec, L., Zettler, E., Cua, C., Rivera, B., Pasquali, S., Katheria, A., & Backes, C. (2020). Timing of umbilical cord clamping among infants with congenital heart disease. Progress In Pediatric Cardiology, 59, 101318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppedcard.2020.101318

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McAdams, R., Backes, C., Fathi, O., & Hutchon, D. (2018). Revert to the original: time to re-establish delayed umbilical cord clamping as the standard approach for preterm neonates. Maternal Health, Neonatology And Perinatology, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40748-018-0081-5

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McDonald, S., Middleton, P., Dowswell, T., & Morris, P. (2014). Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping of term infants on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Evidence-Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal, 9(2), 303-397. https://doi.org/10.1002/ebch.1971

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Mercer, J. (2001). Current best evidence: a review of the literature on umbilical cord clamping. Journal Of Midwifery & Women's Health, 46(6), 402-414. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1526-9523(01)00196-9

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Mercer, J. (2006). Delayed Cord Clamping in Very Preterm Infants Reduces the Incidence of Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Late-Onset Sepsis: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. PEDIATRICS, 117(4), 1235-1242. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-1706

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Mercer, J., & Erickson-Owens, D. (2012). Rethinking Placental Transfusion and Cord Clamping Issues. The Journal Of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, 26(3), 202-217. https://doi.org/10.1097/jpn.0b013e31825d2d9a

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Mercer, J., & Skovgaard, R. (2002). Neonatal Transitional Physiology. The Journal Of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, 15(4), 56-75. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005237-200203000-00007

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Mercer, J., Erickson-Owens, D., Collins, J., Barcelos, M., Parker, A., & Padbury, J. (2016). Effects of delayed cord clamping on residual placental blood volume, hemoglobin and bilirubin levels in term infants: a randomized controlled trial. Journal Of Perinatology, 37(3), 260-264. https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2016.222

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Mercer, J., Erickson-Owens, D., Deoni, S., Dean, D., Collins, J., & Parker, A. et al. (2018). Effects of Delayed Cord Clamping on 4-Month Ferritin Levels, Brain Myelin Content, and Neurodevelopment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The Journal Of Pediatrics, 203, 266-272.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.06.006

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MERCER, J., SKOVGAARD, R., PEAREARAEAVES, J., & BOWMAN, T. (2005). Nuchal Cord Management and Nurse-Midwifery Practice. Journal Of Midwifery & Women's Health, 50(5), 373-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmwh.2005.04.023

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Morley, G. (2005). Review--Birth brain injury: etiology and prevention--Part II: The premature child and cesarean section deliveries. Medical Veritas: The Journal Of Medical Truth, 2, 507-512. https://doi.org/10.1588/medver.2005.02.00065

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Mwakawanga, D., & Mselle, L. (2020). Early or delayed umbilical cord clamping? Experiences and perceptions of nurse-midwives and obstetricians at a regional referral hospital in Tanzania. PLOS ONE, 15(6), e0234854. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234854

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Ninan, K., Liyanage, S., Ali, R., & McDonald, S. (2020). What do clinical practice guidelines suggest for deferred cord clamping for preterm and term infants and how evidence-based are they? A systematic review. Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynaecology Canada, 42(5), 686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jogc.2020.02.081

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Palethorpe, R., Farrar, D., & Duley, L. (2012). Alternative positions for the baby at birth before clamping the umbilical cord (review). The Cochrane Collaboration, (10).

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Pappas, A., & Delaney-Black, V. (2004). Differential diagnosis and management of polycythemia. Pediatric Clinics Of North America, 51(4), 1063-1086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2004.03.012

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Qian, Y., Ying, X., Wang, P., Lu, Z., & Hua, Y. (2019). Early versus delayed umbilical cord clamping on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Archives Of Gynecology And Obstetrics, 300(3), 531-543. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-019-05215-8

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Rabe, H., Diaz-Rossello, J., Duley, L., & Dowswell, T. (2012). Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth on maternal and infant outcomes. Cochrane Database Of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd003248.pub3

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Rabe, H., Reynolds, G., & Diaz-Rossello, J. (2008). A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Brief Delay in Clamping the Umbilical Cord of Preterm Infants. Neonatology, 93(2), 138-144. https://doi.org/10.1159/000108764

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Rana, N., KC, A., Målqvist, M., Subedi, K., & Andersson, O. (2018). Effect of Delayed Cord Clamping of Term Babies on Neurodevelopment at 12 Months: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Neonatology, 36-42. https://doi.org/10.1159/000491994

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Rana, N., Ranneberg, L., Målqvist, M., KC, A., & Andersson, O. (2019). Delayed cord clamping was not associated with an increased risk of hyperbilirubinaemia on the day of birth or jaundice in the first 4 weeks. Acta Paediatrica, 109(1), 71-77. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.14913

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Rosenkranz, K., Kumbruch, S., Tenbusch, M., Marcus, K., Marschner, K., Dermietzel, R., & Meier, C. (2012). Transplantation of human umbilical cord blood cells mediated beneficial effects on apoptosis, angiogenesis and neuronal survival after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in rats. Cell Tissue Res, 348(3), 429-438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-012-1401-0

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Sanberg, P., Divers, R., Mehindru, A., Mehindru, A., & Borlongan, C. (2014). Delayed Umbilical Cord Blood Clamping: First Line of Defense Against Neonatal and Age-Related Disorders [Ebook]. NIH Public Access Author Manuscript. Retrieved 3 September 2018, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4229810/pdf/nihms605794.pdf.

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Satragno, D., Vain, N., Gordillo, J., Fernandez, A., Carroli, G., Romero, N., & Prudent, L. (2018). 33: Postpartum maternal administration of oxytocin and volume of placental transfusion, an RCT. American Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynecology, 218(1), S26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2017.10.444

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Sommers, R., Stonestreet, B., Oh, W., Laptook, A., Yanowitz, T., Raker, C., & Mercer, J. (2012). Hemodynamic Effects of Delayed Cord Clamping in Premature Infants. PEDIATRICS, 129(3), e667-e672. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-2550

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Taha Ibrahim Elgzar, W., Abdel-Fatah Ibrahim, H., & Heiba Elkhateeb, H. (2017). Effects of Deferred Versus Early Umbilical Cord Clamping on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes. American Journal Of Nursing Research, 5(4), 115-128. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajnr-5-4-3

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Tizard, H. (2018). Too little too late for delayed cord clamping?. All4Maternity. Retrieved 24 February 2021, from https://www.all4maternity.com/too-little-too-late-for-delayed-cord-clamping/.

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Tolosa, J., Park, D., Eve, D., Klasko, S., Borlongan, C., & Sanberg, P. (2010). Mankind's first natural stem cell transplant. Journal Of Cellular And Molecular Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01029.x

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Vain, N., Satragno, D., Gorenstein, A., Gordillo, J., Berazategui, J., Alda, M., & Prudent, L. (2015). Effect of Gravity on Volume of Placental Transfusion. Obstetric Anesthesia Digest, 35(3), 156. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.aoa.0000469493.05128.ba

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Vain, N., Satragno, D., Gorenstein, A., Gordillo, J., Berazategui, J., Alda, M., & Prudent, L. (2014). Effect of gravity on volume of placental transfusion: a multicentre, randomised, non-inferiority trial. The Lancet, 384(9939), 235-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60197-5

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van Rheenen, P. (2011). Delayed cord clamping and improved infant outcomes. BMJ, 343(nov15 1), d7127-d7127. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d7127

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Van Rheenen, P., & Brabin, B. (2006). Effect of Timing of Cord Clamping on Neonatal Venous Hematocrit Values and Clinical Outcome at Term: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. PEDIATRICS, 118(3), 1317-1318. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-1053

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Van Rheenen, P., De Moor, L., Eschbach, S., De Grooth, H., & Brabin, B. (2007). Delayed cord clamping and haemoglobin levels in infancy: a randomised controlled trial in term babies. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 12(5), 603-616. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01835.x

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Weeks, A. (2007). Umbilical cord clamping after birth. BMJ, 335(7615), 312-313. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39282.440787.80

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Weeks, A. (2012). Early umbilical cord clamping increases the risk of neonatal anaemia and infant iron deficiency. Evidence-Based Medicine, 17(6), 179-180. https://doi.org/10.1136/ebmed-2012-100557

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Werner, E., Savitz, D., Janevic, T., Ehsanipoor, R., Thung, S., Funai, E., & Lipkind, H. (2012). Mode of Delivery and Neonatal Outcomes in Preterm, Small-for-Gestational-Age Newborns. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 120(3), 560-564. https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0b013e318265b16c

 

Zhao, Y., Hou, R., Zhu, X., Ren, L., & Lu, H. (2019). Effects of delayed cord clamping on infants after neonatal period: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal Of Nursing Studies, 92, 97-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.01.012

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